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Elizabeth Claypole〔also ''Cleypole'' and ''Claypoole'' (Noble and Firth DNB)〕 (''née'' Cromwell; 2 July 1629 – 6 August 1658) was the second daughter of Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland, and his wife, Elizabeth Cromwell, and reportedly interceded with her father for royalist prisoners. After Cromwell created a peerage for her husband, John Claypole, she was known as Lady Claypole. She was buried in Westminster Abbey.〔Lee, Sidney (1903), Dictionary of National Biography (Index and Epitome ), (p. 246 )〕〔Firth, DNB, xi,12 for DOB & DOD. cites Noble for DOB〕 == Biography == Her marriage to John Claypole took place on 13 January 1646.〔Ramsey (1892), (p.36 )〕 She was the favourite daughter of her father, to whom her spiritual condition seems to have caused some anxiety. On one occasion he writes to his daughter, Bridget, expressing his satisfaction that her sister (i.e. Claypole) "sees her own vanity and carnal mind, bewailing it, and seeks after what will satisfy".〔Firth, DNB, xi,12. cites ''Letter'' xli. 1646〕 But four years later he bade her mother warn her to "take heed of a departing heart and of being cozened with worldly vanities and worldly company, which I doubt she is too subject to".〔Firth, DNB, xi,12 cites ''Letter clxxi.〕 According to several accounts she was too much exalted by her father's sovereignty, for which reason Mrs. Hutchinson terms her and all her sisters, excepting Bridget, Mrs. Fleetwood, "insolent fools." Captain Titus writes to Hyde relating a remark of Mrs. Claypole's at a wedding feast concerning the wives of the major-generals: But according to the account of Harrington "she acted the part of a princess very naturally, obliging all persons with her civility, and frequently interceding for the unhappy." It was to her he applied with success for the restoration of the confiscated manuscript of ''Oceana''.〔Firth, DNB, xi,13. cites ''Works'' ed. Toland, xix.〕〔Firth, DNB, xi,12,13〕 According to Ludlow and Heath she interceded for the life of Dr. John Hewett, but her own letter on the discovery of the plot in which he had been engaged throws a doubt on this story.〔Firth, DNB, xi,13 cites THURLOE, vii. 171.〕 Still she is said to have habitually interceded with her father for political offenders. In his memoirs, Edmund Ludlow reported that Mrs. Claypole laboured earnestly with her father to save the life of Dr. Hewett, but without success: which denial so afflicted her, that it was reported to have been one cause of her death, which happened soon after with the concurrence of an ulcer in her womb.〔The Memoirs of Edmund Ludlow, Lieutenant-General of the Horse in the Army of the Commonwealth of England 1625–1672 Edited with appendices of letters and illustrative documents by C. H. Firth, M.A. in two volumes, v. II p.41, 1894 published at Oxford at the Clarendon Press〕 "How many of the royalist prisoners got she not freed? How many did not she save from death whom the laws had condemned?"〔Firth, DNB, xi,13 cites S. CARRINGTON, ''Life and Death of his most Serene Highness Oliver, &c.'' 1659, p. 264.〕 She was taken ill in June 1658, and her sickness was aggravated by the death of her youngest son, Oliver.〔Firth, DNB, xi,13 cites THURLOE, vii. 177.〕 The nature of her disease is variously stated: "The truth is," writes Fleetwood, "it's believed the physicians do not understand thoroughly her case".〔Firth, DNB, xi,13 cites ''THURLOE'' 295, 309, 320, 340; LUDLOW, 231 ; BATES, 233〕 Clarendon, Heath, Bates, and other royalist writers represent her as upbraiding her father in her last moments with the blood he had shed.〔Firth, DNB, xi,13 cites ''Rebellion''〕 The first hint of this report occurs in a newsletter of 16 September, where it is said that the Lady Claypole "did on her deathbed beseech his highness to take away the high court of justice".〔Firth, DNB, xi,13 cites ''Hist. MSS. Comm.'' 5th Rep. 143.〕 She died on 6 August 1658, and the ''Mercurius Politicus'' in announcing her death describes her as "a lady of an excellent spirit and judgment, and of a most noble disposition, eminent in all princely qualities conjoined with sincere resentments of true religion and piety." She was buried on 10 August in Henry VII's chapel in Westminster Abbey.〔Firth, DNB, xi,13 cites''Mercurius Politicus'', 6 and 10 Aug.〕 After the Restoration, Firth states in the ''Dictionary of National Biography'' that her body was exhumed, along with about twenty others, and placed into a pit in a graveyard near the back door of the prebendary's lodgings.〔Firth, DNB, xi,13 cites 12 September 1661; KENNET, Register.〕〔Howell, (p. 678 ), quotes Neil ''History of the Puritans''.〕 However, Peter Gaunt states in the more recent ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'' that her body was allowed to remain in the Abbey.〔Gaunt, ODNB〕 Of her four children, three sons and a daughter, Cromwell Claypole died in May 1678 unmarried; Henry is reported to have predeceased his brother; Oliver died in June 1658; and Martha died in January 1664. None left any descendants.〔Firth, DNB, xi,13〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Elizabeth Claypole」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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